What Do Direct Quotations Add to Your Writing?
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Writing -
Paraphrasing -
Quoting -
Abbreviations
Quoting
Constructive use of quotations
In general, use direct quotations sparingly and only for adept reason. Recollect that most of your writing should be in your own words. However, incorporating the verbal words of others into your text can enrich your statement.
You can apply quotations to:
- Bear witness support for your ain ideas.
- Present a argument to annotate on.
- Include an especially meaning piece of information or detail.
- Present a well-stated passage whose meaning would be lost or changed if paraphrased or summarised.
Direct quotations should exactly match the original source in terms of spelling and punctuation; Where alterations or corrections are required, these can be indicated by the use of foursquare brackets.
- 3 ellipsis points [...] indicate textile that has been omitted from the original. Use four ellipsis points to indicate whatever omission betwixt sentences.
- An error can be indicated by [sic] (Latin for thus) straight following the incorrect textile.
- Anything added or inverse in lodge to return the direct quoted material grammatically compatible with your text must be independent in square brackets.
APA quotations
Short quotations - Quotations of fewer than forty words should exist incorporated into the text and enclosed with double quotation marks. The format varies depending on whether the source is in impress or electronic form.
Print sources - for all print sources you must include the folio number.
For example:
... the results evidence that "sleepiness seems to be a very underrated factor in accidents" (Leger, 1994, p. 91).OR
Smith (1983) stated that "sales people with high need for accomplishment sell the about kitchen appliances, whereas those with low need for achievement are improve at selling garden tools" (p. 25).
Electronic sources - many electronic sources e.g., webpages, some ebooks and electronic manufactures have no page numbers.
If available, use heading or section names. Otherwise count the number or paragraphs and include the abbreviation para. in front of the number. You can besides utilise both the heading/section name and the paragraph number.
For example:… "product and services exports are a valuable add-on to New Zealand'southward nutrient and fibre exports" (New Zealand Trade & Enterprise, n.d., Agribusiness section).
Maltin (2015) reported that young viewers thought "that the men who made it must accept been stoned" (para. two).
How to obtain additional support for yourself or the person yous're "looking after would help yous to juggle work and care" (Carers Britain, northward.d., "Getting support for you lot" section, para. i).
Annotation: To betoken that you have abbreviated a long heading/section name utilise quotation marks.
Long quotations - Quotations of xl words or more should be placed in a double-spaced cake of typewritten lines indented one.27cm from the left margin. Omit the quotation marks.
Block quote with parenthetical citation (Author's proper name and publication appointment in brackets)
On the topic of necessary and sufficient conditions,
... detecting the exact decision is of the first importance. But that is frequently a circuitous job. If y'all are serving on the jury during a breaking or entering instance, it is easy enough to state the decision that the prosecution is attempting to testify: The defendant is guilty of breaking or entering. That's right every bit far every bit it goes, only it doesn't go very far. (Waller, 1998, p. 82)
Cake quote with narrative citation (Author's names as part of the sentence, publication date in brackets)
Sumpter (2013) points out the following:
The fact that it is now what the public thinks, rather than trade opinion, is a change from the previous law and puts New Zealand out of step with Australia and the United Kingdom. It moves our law much closer to that of the United states of america, whose case constabulary may go relevant in this jurisdiction. (p. 330)
Block quote of 2 paragraphs
Research on mail war defence force showed that the sytsem would non adequately defend our shores:
After WWII concluded, defending New Zealand changed so much and then chop-chop that within 10 or then years information technology was clear that the system of gun defense force the country'southward ports had relied on was completely useless.
Nigh coast defence equipment had been stepped down by 1944, and the permanent guns were mothballed until the Cold State of war. (Cooke, 2000, p. 817)
Annotation: If there is more than 1 paragraph, indent the outset line of each paragraph by 1.27cm.
elevation
MLA quotations
The format varies depending on whether the source is in print or electronic form.
Print sources - for all print sources you must include the page number.
Co-ordinate to Smith, "sales people with loftier need for achievement sell the most kitchen appliances, whereas those with low need for accomplishment are better at selling garden tools" (25).
Electronic sources - many electronic sources (other than PDF documents) have no folio numbers. If bachelor, cite relevant section number (sec.) or paragraph number (par.).
Equally Thompson suggests, "sales functioning is based on unmitigated bloody-minded determination" (sec. two par. 4).
Brusque quotations - Prose quotations of fewer than 4 lines and requiring no special emphasis should be placed inside double quotation marks and incorporated into the text. (run into examples above)
Long quotations - Quotations of more than four lines should be introduced by a colon, off-prepare from the text, begin on a new line, be indented ane inch or ten spaces from the left margin, be double-spaced, and be without quotation marks. A parenthetical reference follows the terminal line of the quotation.
Eoin Mac Neill's observation that simplicity is a meaning structural trait of Irish literature is applicable to the Corca Laidhe. He writes:
Ane of the near striking characteristics of Irish gaelic literature is the absence of comprehensive blueprint. Large design appears to be associated almost with the complex life of cities or the circuitous order of groovy states. Ancient Ireland had neither [...]. A cognate characteristic of Irish gaelic literature is a certain carelessness of proportion and symmetry [...] (Neill, xvi).
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Chicago quotations
A footnote number follows straight after the quotation. This number directs the reader to a footnote at the bottom of the folio. The footnote provides detailed information about the piece of work beingness cited, including the page number where the quoted material tin can be found.
According to Smith, "sales people with high need for achievement sell the most kitchen appliances, whereas those with low demand for achievement are amend at selling garden tools."1
Short quotations - Prose quotations of fewer than 5 lines should be placed within double quotation marks and incorporated into the text (see examples above).
Long quotations - Prose quotations of more than 5 lines should exist presented as a single-spaced block quotation. Leave a blank line earlier and after the quote and indent the whole quote from the left margin. Do not add quotation marks.
Introduce the quote using your own words followed by : a colon – if y'all accept written a complete sentence – or a comma if you use a phrase such every bit 'according to' along with the authors proper name. End the quote with a fullstop and the footnote number.
John Miles Foley addresses the issue of pregnant in orally-derived narrative in "The Implications of Oral Tradition":In the modern, literary work of art, we identify the highest priority on a writer's personal manipulation of original or inherited materials, rewarding the work that strikes out boldly in a new management past providing a perspective uniquely its own, memorable because it is new, fresh, or, best of all, inimitable. In such a instance the work is praised for the finesse with which an author (not a tradition) confers meaning on his cosmos ... In contrast, a traditional work depends primarily on elements and strategies that were in place long before the execution of the present version or text, long earlier the nowadays nominal writer learned the inherited craft. Because the idiom is metonymic, summoning conventional connotations to conventional structures, nosotros may say that the meaning it conveys is principally inherent.ane
This stardom betwixt 'conferred' and 'inherent' pregnant ...
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ACS quotations
An endnote number follows straight after the quotation. This number directs the reader to an endnote at the lesser of the page. The endnote provides detailed information about the work beingness cited, including the page number where the quoted material can be found.
According to Chew and Maibach, "bulwark creams should exist tested confronting a variety of substances, and should only be marketed for protection against those specific substances."1
Brusk quotations - Prose quotations of fewer than 50 words should be placed within quotation marks and incorporated into the text (see examples above).
Long quotations - Prose quotations of more than 50 words should be presented equally a single-spaced block quotation. Go out a blank line earlier and later the quote and indent the whole quote from the left margin. Do not add quotation marks.
Introduce the quote using your own words follow past : a colon – if yous have written a consummate judgement – or a comma if you use a phrase such every bit 'according to' along with the authors name. Cease the quote with a fullstop and the footnote number.
According to Linus Pauling, information technology is useful to utilize the concept of resonance to chemical bonds in terms of pendulums and springs, but we must recall that the concept is problematic in the quantum-mechanical sense:The convenience and value of the concept of resonance in discussing the issues of chemistry are so smashing as to make the disadvantage of the chemical element of arbitrariness of little significance. This element occurs in the classical resonance phenomenon as well—it is arbitrary to discuss the behaviour of a organization of pendulums with connecting springs in terms of the motion of independent pendulums, since the motion can be described in a mode that is mathematically simpler by utilize of the normal coordinates of the arrangement—but the convenience and usefulness of the concept have nevertheless caused information technology to be widely practical.ane
This concept is useful for developing ...
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Source: https://www.cite.auckland.ac.nz/5_2.html